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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2658-6282</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир науки. Педагогика и психология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">World of Science. Pedagogy and psychology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО «Издательство «Мир науки»</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://mir-nauki.com/49PSMN625.html</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Профилактика боли у недоношенных детей:
стратегия, методы, эффекты для развития мозга</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Pain prevention in preterm infants:
strategies, methods, and effects on brain development</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Иванова</surname>
            <given-names>Ольга Анатольевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru" name-style="eastern">
              <surname>Иванова</surname>
              <given-names>Ольга Анатольевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en" name-style="western">
              <surname>Ivanova</surname>
              <given-names>Olga Anatol’evna</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>korablev_sam@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-4330</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет» (Воронеж, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-27">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>13</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>49PSMN625</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-04">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-21">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова Ольга Анатольевна</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova Olga Anatol’evna</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://mir-nauki.com/49PSMN625.html">https://mir-nauki.com/49PSMN625.html</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме исследования наиболее эффективных стратегий, методов профилактики боли у недоношенных детей, а также отсроченных эффектов болевого стресса для развития мозга. Проведен теоретический обзор российских и зарубежных исследований, касающихся противоречивых и крайне разнообразных данных относительно последствий перенесенного в ранний период боли недоношенными детьми для формирования всей их ноцеоцептивной системы. Рассмотрены статистические данные относительно частоты рождаемости недоношенных детей в разных странах, а также частоты проблем нейроразвития среди них. Приведены результаты эмпирических исследований о том, что преждевременно рожденных детей наблюдаются сдвиги в функционировании гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой системы, т. к. присутствует повышенный уровень кортизола, даже спустя долгое время после выписки из отделения интенсивной терапии. В разделе о развитии мозга в связи с неонатальной болью проанализированы данных о том, что большее воздействие стрессовых процедур в отделении интенсивной терапии связано с тем, что у недоношенных детей регистрируется меньший объем головного мозга в лобных и теменных областях, происходят изменения в его микроструктурах и нарушаются функциональные связи внутри височных долей по сравнению с детьми, родившимися в срок. Также представлены отличия болевой реакции доношенных и недоношенных детей, которые связаны с тем, что у детей, родившихся раньше срока, нарушена проводимость болевых сигналов и замедленна реакция на них, т. е. происходят необратимые функциональные и структурные изменения центральной нервной системы. В разделе о стратегиях, методах и эффектах профилактики боли недоношенных детей осуществлен анализ крупномасштабных рандомизированных контролируемых исследований в разных странах, которые говорят о противоречивых данных при применении морфинового метода при лечении недоношенных детей. Сделан вывод о том, что анальгетические рецепторы в головном мозге недоношенных младенцев являются незрелыми и еще развиваются. По этой причине исследования в вопросах нейробиологии обработки боли необходимы для успешных фармакологических решений. В разделе о нефармакологических методах лечения боли представлены данные о применении при профилактике болевого стресса у недоношенных детей в отделениях интенсивной терапии глюкозы, контакта «кожа к коже» (метод «Кенгуру») при имитации сосания и грудном вскармливании, если оно возможно, анестетиков местного действия, содержащих лидокаина и прилокаина.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This article explores the current challenges of investigating the most effective strategies and methods for preventing pain in premature infants, as well as the delayed effects of pain stress on brain development. This article provides a theoretical review of Russian and international studies, addressing the conflicting and extremely diverse data regarding the effects of early pain on the development of premature infants' nociceptive system. Statistical data on the birth rate of premature infants in various countries and the incidence of neurodevelopmental problems among them are examined. Empirical studies are presented demonstrating that premature infants experience altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, with elevated cortisol levels persisting long after discharge from the intensive care unit. The section on brain development in relation to neonatal pain analyzes data showing that the greater impact of stressful procedures in the intensive care unit is associated with smaller brain volumes in the frontal and parietal regions of premature infants, changes in its microstructure, and disrupted functional connections within the temporal lobes compared to infants born at term. Differences in the pain response of full-term and premature infants are also presented, which are associated with the fact that premature infants have impaired pain signal conduction and a slower response to them, i.e., irreversible functional and structural changes in the central nervous system. The section on strategies, methods, and effects of pain prevention in premature infants analyzes large-scale randomized controlled trials from various countries, which reveal conflicting data regarding the use of morphine in the treatment of premature infants. It is concluded that analgesic receptors in the brain of premature infants are immature and still developing. For this reason, research into the neurobiology of pain processing is essential for successful pharmacological solutions. The section on non-pharmacological pain treatments presents data on the use of glucose, skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo care), and local anesthetics containing lidocaine and prilocaine for the prevention of painful stress in premature infants in intensive care units (ICUs). This includes kangaroo mother care, simulating sucking, and breastfeeding, if possible.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd>
        <kwd>боль</kwd>
        <kwd>болевой стресс</kwd>
        <kwd>профилактика боли недоношенных детей</kwd>
        <kwd>методы профилактики боли недоношенных детей</kwd>
        <kwd>ноцеоцептивная система</kwd>
        <kwd>нейроразвитие недоношенных детей</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>premature infants</kwd>
        <kwd>pain</kwd>
        <kwd>pain stress</kwd>
        <kwd>pain prevention in premature infants</kwd>
        <kwd>methods for preventing pain in premature infants</kwd>
        <kwd>nociceptive system</kwd>
        <kwd>neurodevelopment of premature infants</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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